27 de diciembre de 1868: El paso decisivo para la abolición definitiva de la esclavitud en Cuba
“Cuba libre es incompatible con Cuba esclavista; y la abolición de las instituciones españolas debe comprender y comprende, por necesidad y por razón de la más alta justicia, la de la esclavitud como la más inicua de todas.” Así describía Céspedes, el 27 de diciembre de 1868, el carácter de la naciente nación cuya independencia forjaba a filo del machete.
El texto emitido en forma de proclama, — y conocido posteriormente como Decreto de Carlos Manuel de Céspedes para la abolición de la esclavitud—, concedía la emancipación de los esclavos en los territorios de Cuba libre y señalaba lo útil de que los liberados se sumaran a la fuerza insurrecta.
Diversos historiadores coinciden que el documento demuestra la maduración del pensamiento del abogado manzanillero. Si bien en El Manifiesto del 10 de octubre, Carlos Manuel de Céspedes al tratar la cuestión social, después de sentar el principio de que «todos los hombres somos iguales», se limitó a añadir «… nosotros… deseamos la emancipación, gradual y bajo indemnización, de la esclavitud…», poco más de dos meses después apostaba por la total liberación de la masa esclava.
Más adelante en el documento abolicionista el futuro Padre de la Patria expresaba: “La Revolución de Cuba al proclamar la independencia de la Patria ha proclamado con ella todas las libertades y mal podría aceptar la grande inconsecuencia de limitar aquellas a una sola parte de la población del país.” Con ello evidenciaba el pensamiento avanzado de muchos de los patricios criollos en pos de un país moderno que rompiera con todo tipo de lastres y trabas del colonialismo español.
Por otro lado, el jefe mambí comprendió que por el momento no le convenía enfrentarse a los ricos terratenientes dueños de dotaciones y por ello dejaba en sus manos la decisión, es decir, podían retenerlos.
La Premio Nacional de Periodismo, Marta Rojas, en un artículo sobre esta efeméride explica que, aunque la esclavitud ya era un ente antieconómico con respecto al desarrollo industrial, “aún los trabajos manuales se consideraban ‘viles’, como planteaba José Antonio Saco, e incompatible con la política de blanqueamiento sustentada por pensadores cubanos ilustres, hecho que los llevó a aceptar el cese de la trata negrera”.
Sin embargo, poco después el 26 de febrero de 1869, la Asamblea de Representantes del Centro constituida por los insurrectos en esta región, y de la cual formaba parte Ignacio Agramonte, dispuso la abolición total de la esclavitud. Posteriormente, el 10 de abril del mismo año se ratificaría en Guáimaro esta decisión en el artículo 24 de la Constitución de la República en Armas: “Todos los habitantes de la República son enteramente libres.”
Desgraciadamente, el fracaso de la gesta independentista después de diez años de guerra no ve la realización de la ley hasta la década de 1880 cuando las Cortes españolas aprueban eliminar la Ley de Patronato.
En febrero de ese año, las autoridades coloniales promulgan una ley de abolición que no convertía automáticamente a los esclavos en hombres libres, sino que los libertos debían abonar una indemnización al antiguo amo por la pérdida sufrida. Esto se conoce como esclavitud disfrazada.
El Decreto de Carlos Manuel de Céspedes para la abolición de la esclavitud constituyó una posición radical y adelantada respecto al tema, e introdujo un matiz humanista a las bases legales de la nación cubana. El jefe independentista Manuel Sanguily lo calificó como “la más decisiva conquista de aquella década olímpica.” No en vano, años después José Martí dedicaría su quehacer intelectual y revolucionario a la defesa y culto a la dignidad plena del hombre.
Hello there, You’ve done a fantastic job. I’ll certainly digg it and personally suggest to my friends.
I am confident they will be benefited from this website.
0mniartist asmr
Yesterday, while I was at work, my cousin stole my apple ipad and
tested to see if it can survive a forty foot drop, just so
she can be a youtube sensation. My iPad is now destroyed and she has 83 views.
I know this is completely off topic but I had to share it with someone!
asmr 0mniartist
Hi there, I discovered your web site by the use of Google whilst searching for a related topic, your site got here up, it seems to be good.
I’ve bookmarked it in my google bookmarks.
Hi there, just turned into aware of your weblog via Google,
and located that it is really informative. I’m gonna be careful
for brussels. I’ll be grateful if you happen to continue this in future.
A lot of people will likely be benefited out of your writing.
Cheers! 0mniartist asmr
Tremendous issues here. I am very glad to peer your
post. Thanks a lot and I am looking forward to contact you.
Will you kindly drop me a mail? asmr 0mniartist
Excellent goods from you, man. I’ve understand your stuff previous to and you are just too wonderful.
I really like what you have acquired here,
certainly like what you’re stating and the way
in which you say it. You make it entertaining and you still take care of
to keep it sensible. I cant wait to read far more from you.
This is actually a wonderful web site. 0mniartist asmr
There’s definately a lot to learn about this issue. I like all the points you’ve made.
Fastidious answer back in return of this matter with solid arguments and telling
all about that.
What’s up, this weekend is nice in support of me,
since this point in time i am reading this impressive educational paragraph here at my
residence.
Aw, this was an incredibly nice post. Taking a few minutes and actual effort to generate
a good article… but what can I say… I put things off a whole lot and don’t manage to get nearly anything done.
Hey! Would you mind if I share your blog with my twitter group?
There’s a lot of people that I think would really appreciate your content.
Please let me know. Cheers
Hi! Someone in my Myspace group shared this website with us
so I came to give it a look. I’m definitely loving the information. I’m book-marking and will
be tweeting this to my followers! Terrific blog and great design.
Thanks for finally writing about > 27 de diciembre de 1868: El paso decisivo para la abolición definitiva de
la esclavitud en Cuba < Liked it!
I enjoy what you guys are usually up too. Such clever work and reporting!
Keep up the awesome works guys I’ve you guys to my blogroll.
Its not my first time to pay a visit this web site, i am visiting this site dailly and take
pleasant data from here everyday.
scoliosis
I’ll right away grab your rss feed as I can’t in finding your
email subscription link or newsletter service. Do you’ve any?
Please allow me know so that I may just subscribe. Thanks.
scoliosis
scoliosis
Thanks for sharing such a nice thought, post is fastidious,
thats why i have read it fully scoliosis
free dating sites
Normally I don’t learn post on blogs, however I wish to say that this write-up very forced me to take
a look at and do it! Your writing style has been amazed me.
Thank you, very nice post. https://785days.tumblr.com/ free dating sites
free dating sites
Wow, that’s what I was exploring for, what a material! present here at this web site, thanks admin of this web page.
free dating sites
Hello, Neat post. There’s an issue with your web site in internet
explorer, might test this? IE still is the marketplace chief and a big component to people will pass over your
excellent writing due to this problem.
What’s up every one, here every one is sharing these familiarity, therefore it’s fastidious
to read this website, and I used to go to see this webpage all the time.
Excellent goods from you, man. I have understand your stuff previous to and you’re just too great.
I really like what you’ve acquired here, really like what you are stating and the way in which you say it.
You make it enjoyable and you still care for to keep it wise.
I can not wait to read far more from you. This is actually a wonderful website.
We’re a group of volunteers and opening a new scheme in our community.
Your web site offered us with valuable info to work
on. You have done a formidable job and our entire community will be thankful to you.
What’s up, after reading this amazing piece of writing i
am also cheerful to share my knowledge here with colleagues.
If you desire to take a good deal from this post then you have to apply these techniques to your won website.
Aw, this was a really good post. Spending some time and actual effort to create a superb article…
but what can I say… I put things off a lot and don’t seem to get anything done.
Hello, I enjoy reading all of your article. I like to write a little comment to support you.
Fabulous, what a weblog it is! This web site gives useful facts to us,
keep it up.
Hello very cool blog!! Guy .. Excellent .. Amazing ..
I will bookmark your site and take the feeds additionally?
I am glad to find so many useful information right here in the publish, we need
work out extra strategies in this regard, thank you for sharing.
. . . . .
Great blog post.Really thank you! Keep writing.
Fastidious answer back in return of this issue with real arguments and explaining all regarding that.
My spouse and I absolutely love your blog and find the majority of your post’s to be
just what I’m looking for. Would you offer guest writers to write content in your case?
I wouldn’t mind composing a post or elaborating on some of the subjects you write about here.
Again, awesome website!
hi!,I like your writing very so much! proportion we keep in touch extra about your article on AOL?
I require an expert on this house to resolve my problem.
May be that’s you! Taking a look forward to look you.
Thanks for every other fantastic article. Where else may just anyone get that type of
info in such a perfect way of writing? I’ve a presentation next week, and
I am on the look for such info.
Fantastic goods from you, man. I’ve understand your stuff previous to and you’re just extremely excellent.
I actually like what you have acquired here, really like what you’re stating and the way in which you say it.
You make it entertaining and you still take care of to keep it smart.
I can not wait to read far more from you.
This is actually a wonderful site.
It is truly a great and helpful piece of info.
I am happy that you simply shared this helpful
information with us. Please stay us informed like this.
Thank you for sharing.